Light sensitivity: causes and which doctor to see

For light sensitivity you can first see: Ophthalmology or Neurology. If you are not sure, a family doctor (general practitioner) can assess you first and refer you to the right specialist.

Common symptoms: dazzled eyes and squinting in light; eye pain or headache that gets worse with light; watering; preferring dim surroundings. Symptoms vary from person to person; a doctor’s examination is needed for a diagnosis.

The most common causes: migraine; dry eye; a corneal scratch or inflammation; uveitis (inflammation inside the eye); light-coloured eyes and drops that widen the pupil; concussion; meningitis. Only a doctor’s examination can determine the exact cause.

When a migraine attack or eye surface problem passes, the sensitivity also eases. It usually improves when the underlying cause is treated; preventive treatment helps people with chronic migraine.

It is more common in: people with migraine; people with light-coloured eyes; contact lens wearers; people with rheumatic disease.

The eye examination assesses the eye surface and inside of the eye. If the eye examination is normal, a neurological assessment for headache is done.

Use sunglasses. Reduce migraine triggers (lack of sleep, skipping meals).

It is most often a sign of migraine and dry eye. Serious causes such as uveitis, corneal inflammation and meningitis can also cause light sensitivity.

Light sensitivity is usually not caused by vitamin deficiency. Vitamin A deficiency, however, causes difficulty seeing in the dark (night blindness).

If the answer to any of these questions is yes, call 112 without delay: “Is light sensitivity accompanied by fever, a stiff neck and a severe headache?” “Is there severe eye pain, redness and reduced vision?” “Did it start after a blow to the head?” “Is there confusion, fainting or difficulty waking up?” “Is there facial drooping, slurred speech or sudden weakness in an arm or leg?” “Are you struggling to breathe even at rest?”

See a doctor: the light sensitivity is new and persistent; the same day if it comes with redness and pain; your headaches are becoming more frequent.